Application of high-purity helium gas in rocket and aerospace technology

Helium, high-purity helium

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Nitrogen and high-purity helium are widely used in modern rocket and aerospace technology. Their main application areas are: 1. As an energy source, they are used to operate various pneumatic valves and components (high-purity helium gas should be used for liquid hydrogen low-temperature valves); 2. As a gas for purification and replacement, a filling system for purifying and replacing liquid propellants (using high-purity helium or hydrogen instead of liquid oxygen system) is used. 3. The fuel tanks of rockets and aircraft, as well as the fuel tanks on the fuel tanks, are pressurized to the ground to ensure the normal operation of the fuel system (high-purity helium or oxygen must be used to pressurize the liquid oxygen tank). 4. Powered by high-pressure nitrogen, the rocket engine starts and immediately runs the turbopump (after the engine starts, the turbopump is driven by the gas provided by the propellant gas generator); 5. Use nitrogen to blow out electrical equipment that requires explosion-proof and fire extinguishing in the rocket instrument compartment and on the ground; 6. Used for cleaning rocket engine systems (using ammonia or high-purity helium as needed). 7. After filling, clean and seal the ground pipeline system with nitrogen. The gases used by rockets and spacecraft during flight are stored in titanium spherical cylinders on the rocket. The air used for ground equipment and rocket takeoff is directly supplied by the ground air supply system. The gas source and supply system are important components of rockets and aerospace equipment. Nitrogen is also used for airtightness inspection of rocket fuel storage tanks and engine systems. In order to ensure the normal operation of the turbopump in the rocket engine system, it is required that the turbopump operates at a certain net positive suction head to prevent cavitation. Therefore, the fuel tank must be pressed before the rocket is launched. Nitrogen can be used as a power source for pneumatic valves. For some pneumatic valves operating at liquid hydrogen temperature, high-purity helium gas is used for operation. Nitrogen is an economical and usable clean gas, as it mixes with propellant vapor on the platform, there is no risk of ignition and explosion, and it does not have a negative impact on the propellant system. For liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen rocket engines, in some cases, high-purity helium gas cleaning is required.