Where can I buy ultra-pure, high-purity, and industrial helium?
Helium High purity helium
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Summary of the determination method for the content of neon, hydrogen, oxygen, argon, and nitrogen in high-purity helium:
Using variable temperature concentration technology, thermal conductivity chromatography is employed for determination. This method involves quantitatively adsorbing the target component on an adsorption column at liquid nitrogen temperature, followed by quantitative desorption at room temperature (water bath), thereby pre-concentrating the trace target component in the sample. After separation by the chromatographic column, the component is detected using a thermal conductivity detector.
Using a laboratory chromatograph equipped with a pre-concentration system, the chromatographic flow diagram is shown. Other conditions of the instrument, such as the regulated power supply and measurement bridge circuit, are the same as those of a general chromatograph. The recorder has a range of 0 to 1mV, and the detector is a four-arm tungsten wire thermal conductivity cell with an S value greater than 1000.
Measurement conditions:
a. Carrier gas: high-purity helium, meeting the requirements of this standard, with a flow rate of 40-60 mL/min.
b. Concentration column: approximately 40-50cm in length and 4mm in inner diameter, containing 3-4g of 601 or TDX-01 type carbon molecular sieve with a particle size of 0.25-0.40mm.
c. Chromatographic column: approximately 3m in length, with an inner diameter of about 4mm. It contains about 1m of 5A molecular sieve (particle size: 0.25-0.40mm) and about 2m of coconut shell
Activated carbon (particle size: 0.25-0.40mm). After activation treatment, the resolution (R) between each component to be tested should be greater than 1.
d. Adsorption temperature: -196oC (liquid nitrogen temperature). Desorption temperature: room temperature (water bath).
Low-temperature condensation method for extracting helium: This method is currently widely adopted by countries worldwide for extracting helium from natural gas. It typically consists of processes such as gas source pretreatment and purification, crude helium extraction, and helium refining.
1. Pre-treatment and purification of helium-containing natural gas:
Impurities such as H2S, CO, moisture, and even mercury in the helium-containing gas source must be purified before entering the cryogenic device to prevent blockage, corrosion, and deterioration of process conditions in pipelines, valves, and equipment at low temperatures. Common acid gas removal methods include: alcohol amine method, hot potassium carbonate method, and sulfone amine method. The requirements for residual amounts of H2S and CO in natural gas during helium extraction are: H2S ≤ 4 ppm [1 ppm—M/22.4 (mg/m3), M is the molecular weight, the same below], CO ≤ 100 ppm. Considering the benefits of helium extraction, the removal method that is conducive to reducing the cost of helium extraction should be preferred. Dehydration process method: Molecular sieves are generally selected for precise dehydration in natural gas helium extraction, with a dehydration depth requirement of less than 1 ppm, while further adsorbing and removing residual acidic gases. Demercuration process method: HgSIV demercuration molecular sieves can be regenerated and recycled, but the equipment and control are complex; whereas sulfur-impregnated activated carbon cannot be recycled and needs to be replaced regularly, but the equipment and operation are simple.
2. Crude helium extraction - helium production method:
After secondary condensation, natural gas is converted into crude helium with a helium content of 60% to 70%. The cooling required for condensation is supplied by atmospheric liquid methane, atmospheric liquid nitrogen, or vacuum liquid methane. Primary condensation requires no fractions above ethane, while secondary condensation requires a methane content of less than 1%. Additionally, the helium content in the kettle liquid hydrocarbons must be less than 10 ppm to improve helium recovery.
3. Helium refining - helium manufacturing method:
The hydrogen in natural gas, which is more difficult to liquefy, is concentrated in crude helium as helium is enriched, and it needs to be removed before purification. In industry, catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation is commonly used, and dehydrogenation processes such as hydrogen storage alloys are also under development. Residual hydrogen less than 10 ppm is removed simultaneously with nitrogen, a small amount of methane, and other impurities during the subsequent high-pressure condensation adsorption process. The cold source is generally provided by atmospheric liquid nitrogen, which can produce helium with a purity of over 99.99%. Other purification methods, such as washing absorption, can use natural gas components such as methane and propane as absorbents.
